Statistics About California School Libraries

Introduction
Number of Libraries and Library Statistics
Staffing Statistics
Library Collection Statistics
Budget Statistics
Curriculum and Instruction Statistics
National Statistics

Introduction

The California Department of Education (CDE) annually collects information about school libraries using an online evaluation process. Based on the recommendations from the 2016 California State Audit of school library services, data collected in the library evaluation now align with the Model School Library Standards (MSLS). The following is a summary of the data collected and includes explanations of changes in funding and certificated library staffing over time. Its organization mirrors the main sections of the school evaluation: access, staffing, resources (collection), budget, and curriculum and instruction.

The most recent evaluation data is from the 2022–23 school year. In this year, 4,028 California schools completed the evaluation, representing 40 percent of all California schools. Eleven percent more schools in California completed the evaluation than the previous year. This narrative, plus the interactive map, detail key components of school library programming across California.

The California School Libraries Viewer GeoHub is an interactive map displaying the following data: average weekly hours open; average copyright date of Native American informational text; average copyright date of complete collection; number of books in the collection; and staffing. It Is possible to look at the data from the state level, the county level, and the district level––and you can even explore the library programming at the site level. Note the GeoHub data is from 2021–22 and the 2022–23 data should be posted in early 2025.

The following web page is the accompanying narrative statistical snapshot. It utilizes the 2022–23 evaluation data and data collected by the California Longitudinal Pupil Achievement Data System (CALPADS).

Number of Libraries and Library Statistics

Among California public schools responding to the 2022–23 library evaluation, 89 percent, or 3,583 of the 4,028 schools, have a place designated as the library although differences in staffing, collections, and programs are large. Eleven percent of the schools responding do not have a library.

This is a full breakdown of response to question 1, “Did you have a designated common area in your school designated as the library in the 2022–23 academic year?”

Library Hours

The average number of hours that a California school library is open to students is 26 hours per week. The Model School Library Standards for California Public Schools state in Section B. Access, p. 32, that the library should be “open to students 36 hours or more per week.”

Schools report being open and available to students at the following times:

Directly impacting access to the library was having the facility closed for uses other than library programming. Twenty-nine percent of respondents report the library facility was closed for other uses 1 to 5 days annually, 14 percent report being closed 6 to 10 days annually, 9 percent report being closed 11 to 20 days annually, and 7 percent report being closed 21 or more days annually. Thirty-one percent report never shutting the library for non-library activities.

Physical Library Space

The MSLS in Section B. Access, p. 33 states the following: “Facilities have enough space to accommodate one class for instruction plus additional individuals and small groups working independently. There is also space to accommodate the library collection, furnishings, and equipment.”

The chart below shows how schools reported about their library’s physical space (the chart shows the yes responses, for yes/no questions):

Staffing Statistics

Prior to the 2015–16 academic year, teacher librarians were categorized with CALPADS Code 0204 “non-classroom based or support assignment” under Pupil Services Staff, which included counselors, psychologists, social workers, nurses, and speech/language/hearing specialists. Because teacher librarians must hold both a teaching and a library science credential , beginning in the 2015–16 academic year, code 0204 was retired. The table below is a timeline of the different CALPADS Code Assignments related to Teacher Librarians. For each of these code definitions, please review the full CALPADS Code Set table (XLSX). Furthermore, for the most current information on reporting teacher librarians see, How are Teacher Librarians reported? (DOCX) (see pp. 133–272).

Outside of CALPADS coding, library staffing has also been reported through School Accountability Report Cards (SARCs). Both Library Media Teacher (Librarian) and Library Media Services Staff (Paraprofessional) data can be found in Table 38: Student Support Services Staff. For statewide aggregated SARC data for the 2021–22 and 2022–23 school years, including the Student Support Services Staff table, please utilize the links below:

• Downloadable SARC Data Files 2022–23 - School Accountability Report Card (CA Dept of Education)
  • Student Support Services Staff Data (XLSX)
• Downloadable SARC Data Files 2021–22 - School Accountability Report Card (CA Dept of Education)
  • Student Support Services Staff Data (XLSX)

As reported in the 2022–23 Annual School Library Evaluation, 19 percent of schools completing the library evaluation report having a teacher librarian working at least part time at their school. That equates to 773 schools reporting some level of certificated library presence on campus. Of those 773 schools, 491 schools or 64 percent report having a team of a teacher librarian and classified staff working at some level at the site. As Doug Achterman found in his 2008 research , a strong library program is one that is staffed by a team consisting of a credentialed teacher librarian and paraprofessional support staff. The library evaluation shows that 79 percent of schools, or 3,178 schools, completing the evaluation report having some level of classified staff working in the library.

The following staffing table is shared for historical purposes focusing on credentialed staff (teacher librarians) reported annually in the California Basic Educational Data System prior to the coding change in 2015–16. Classified staffing data is not displayed as it was not individually reported. For more information on the difference between different types of library staffing, visit the staffing tab on the school library home page.

Library Collection Statistics

Based on the data from the 2022–23 library evaluation, the average number of books in the collection (print and digital) was 12,891. Only 1,060, or 26 percent of schools that completed the evaluation indicate that they purchase any electronic books. Lastly, the average number of periodical subscriptions is two, with 75 percent of schools reporting that they do not subscribe to any magazines or newspapers.

Age of Collection

The age of the library books is as important as the number of books available to students. In 1995 the average copyright date of a California school library nonfiction book was 1972 or 23 years old. By 2004–05, with approximately seven years of Library Act state funding (see the Budget section for a history of school library funding), the average copyright date rose to 1993.

Historically, the average age of the collection was measured by looking at a particular nonfiction section (including print and digital books) that aligns with the curriculum. Now, the average age of the collection is calculated in two areas, a nonfiction section and the complete collection. In 2022–23, the average copyright date of the schools reporting the Native American informational text is 1996.

Based on the most recent evaluation data, the average copyright date for the whole collection is 1998. It is important to note the average copyright date is over 25 years old while the MSLS recommends that “at least two-thirds of the collection is less than 15 years old” (Section D. Resources, p. 34).

Book Costs

The average cost of a children’s title hardcover book in 2022–23 was $22.16. The average cost of a young adult title hardcover book was $26.34. Trade paperbacks for children’s and young adult titles were $10.32 and $15.88 respectively. Graphic novels for all ages cost an average of $21.18 per title. These figures are based on School Library Journal’s annual report in partnership with Follett and Baker & Taylor.

Electronic access and database subscription

Of the schools responding to the 2022–23 evaluation, only 33 percent report investing in online subscription information databases for students (i.e., EBSCO Ultra, World Book Online, etc.), while Section D. Resources of the MSLS states that libraries should subscribe to “at least two” online databases (p. 34).

Starting in 2018, the California State Library began providing resources for students and teachers, including providing access to COMPASS: The California Online Media Program for Access and Student Success . They provide free access to the following kindergarten through grade twelve (K–12) digital resources: Britannica, ProQuest, TeachingBooks, Gale, and PebbleGo for use by every public K–12 school and student in the state. Approximately 63 percent of schools (2,545 of 4,028) responding report they actively promote and provide access to the COMPASS content.

Budget Statistics

The average budget for books in the 2022–23 academic year was $6,620, with an additional average budget of $1,368 for other materials (not books). The largest percentage of funding source comes from the General/ Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) (district or site) at 49 percent. Fundraising (parent groups, book fairs, etc.) is reported as the second largest source of funding at 35 percent. For a detailed breakdown of the funding sources and percentage of responses, see the School Libraries main page Funding tab.

A Brief History of California School Library Funding

Pre-1994, no state funding was allocated for school libraries. Any funding was determined at the school and district levels. The chart below shows how funding progressed from 1994 through the current funding model, which was adopted in 2013 under the LCFF.

Current Funding

The 2022–23 evaluation data indicates that 1,834 schools or 46 percent report being written into the Local Control Accountability Plan (LCAP). Of those schools, 1,319 or 33 percent report having library funding tied to their district’s LCAP.

Curriculum and Instruction Statistics

The following reflects some of the data collected related to teaching and implementing the MSLS.

When asked about how the CA MSLS are implemented at their school, the following data was reported:

Lastly, the MSLS acts as California’s media literacy standards. Therefore, the library evaluation asks how often students were taught to be digitally literate and the following responses were submitted.

For more information on Media Literacy in the state of California, see the CDE-owned Media Literacy Resources web page.

Directly impacting library staff time to interact with students and teachers was the responsibility for distribution, tracking, and management of assets. Forty-six percent of respondents report being responsible for laptops, Chromebooks, and tablets; 51 percent report being responsible for textbooks; 5 percent report being responsible for musical instruments; and 12 percent report being responsible for other assets. Twenty-nine percent report not being responsible for tracking any assets.

National Statistics

The following sites contain statistical information about school libraries across the country:

National Center for Education Statistics
The Digest of Education statistics provides a compilation of statistical information covering the broad field of American education from prekindergarten through graduate school. The Digest includes a selection of data from many sources, both government and private, and draws especially on the results of surveys and activities carried out by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES).

National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)
In 1989 the NCES began collecting nation-wide library statistics that include a School Library Media Center Survey. Among the topics covered in this survey are staffing, services, expenditures, and collections. This is shared for historical purposes as the last Academic Library Survey was conducted in 2014.

Research and Statistics About Libraries
Library Research Servrice (LRS) is part of the Colorado State Library, a unit of the Colorado Department of Education, which designs and conducts library research for library and education professionals, public officials, and the media to inform practices and assessment needs.

Research and Statistics, American Association of School Librarians
An online clearinghouse for school library research and statistics collected by the American Association of School Librarians (AASL) including research conducted by AASL as well as links to outside research and statistics.

The School Librarian Investigation Decline or Evolution (SLIDE)
An exploratory project submitted by Antioch University Seattle and funded by the Institute for Museum and Library Services. The research looks at the patterns in the continuing, national decline in school librarian positions and how school districts decide to staff library, learning resources, and instructional technology programs for K–12 students.

Sora Report: Digital Reading Increases with Double-Digit Growth in Comics and Graphic Novels
This is School Library Journal’s summary of the OverDrive 2023 Annual Report of The State of K-12 Digital Reading . The full report is downloadable for free.